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library(dplyr)
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library(bsseq)
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library(ggplot2)
source("../Methylation_helper.R")
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Set random seed and number of permutations

set.seed(123)
num_permutations <- params$num_permutations

1. Data loading and fast exploration by PCA

Loading bsseq objects

bsseq_obj <- readRDS("~/DataDir/1.PreliminaryAnalysis/Output/WithSelectedEGCLCs/bsseq_obj_sharedby75ofall.rds") #getting bsseq object where sample selection and CpG filtering were already performed 
bsseq_obj_escapees <- readRDS(paste0(params$InputFolder, "bsseq_obj_escapees_Murase.rds"))
bsseq_obj_NonEscapees <- readRDS(paste0(params$InputFolder, "bsseq_obj_NonEscapees_Murase.rds"))
  • Our bsseq object contain 3680616 CpG loci.
  • Among them 207478 CpG loci belong to escapees regions (escapee CpGs).
  • While 3473138 CpG loci do not belong to escapees regions (non-escapee CpGs).

Colors for figures

cellTypes_colors <- c(hiPSCs ="#dd1c77", iMeLCs ="#377eb8", hPGCLCs ="#4daf4a", hEGCLCs = "#ff7f00")

PCA only on escapee CpGs

pca_res <- do_PCA(getMeth(bsseq_obj_escapees, type = "raw"))
sample_anno <- bsseq::pData(bsseq_obj_escapees)
plot_PCA(pca_res = pca_res, anno = sample_anno, col_anno = "Type", shape_anno = NULL, custom_colors = cellTypes_colors, point_size = 5)

PCA only on non-escapee CpGs

pca_res <- do_PCA(getMeth(bsseq_obj_NonEscapees, type = "raw"))
sample_anno <- bsseq::pData(bsseq_obj_NonEscapees)
plot_PCA(pca_res = pca_res, anno = sample_anno, col_anno = "Type", shape_anno = NULL, custom_colors = cellTypes_colors, point_size = 5)

As expected it resembles the PCA done on the complete one, since we removed only 207478 out of a total of 3680616 CpG loci.

2.Generation of 500 random sets of 207478 non-escapee CpGs and distributions plots

Let’s generate random indices to randomly select 207478 CpG loci among the non-escapee ones.

random_sets <- list()

for (i in 1:num_permutations) {
  random_indices <- sample(1:dim(bsseq_obj_NonEscapees)[1], dim(bsseq_obj_escapees)[1], replace = FALSE)
  bsseq_obj_randomNonEscapees <- bsseq_obj_NonEscapees[random_indices, ]
  
  random_sets[[i]] <- bsseq_obj_randomNonEscapees
}

Head of BSSEQ with escapee CpGs

getMeth(bsseq_obj_escapees, type = "raw") %>% head()
##      hiPSC_rep1 hiPSC_rep2 hiPSC_rep3 hiPSC_rep4 iMeLC_rep1 iMeLC_rep2
## [1,]  0.8421053  0.8571429  0.8260870  0.8400000  0.7500000  0.8000000
## [2,]  1.0000000  1.0000000  1.0000000  1.0000000  0.9600000  0.9411765
## [3,]  1.0000000  0.9545455  1.0000000  0.9615385  0.9642857  1.0000000
## [4,]  1.0000000  0.9565217  0.9615385  0.9629630  0.8148148  0.9756098
## [5,]  1.0000000  0.9545455  0.9629630  0.9310345  0.9642857  0.9523810
## [6,]  1.0000000  0.9565217  0.9642857  0.9000000  0.9615385  1.0000000
##      iMeLC_rep3 iMeLC_rep4 hPGCLC_rep1 hPGCLC_rep2 hPGCLC_rep3 hEGCLC_rep1
## [1,]  0.8709677  0.8421053   0.6500000      0.6875   0.7931034   0.8888889
## [2,]  0.9655172  0.9444444   1.0000000      1.0000   1.0000000   0.9782609
## [3,]  0.9375000  0.8636364   0.8636364      1.0000   0.9655172   0.9074074
## [4,]  0.9375000  0.8750000   0.8571429      1.0000   0.8928571   0.9454545
## [5,]  0.9375000  0.9200000   0.8333333      0.9375   0.9259259   0.9272727
## [6,]  0.9375000  0.8518519   0.8260870      1.0000   0.8666667   0.9464286
##      hEGCLC_rep2 hEGCLC_rep3
## [1,]   0.7209302   0.7297297
## [2,]   0.9729730   0.9411765
## [3,]   0.9523810   0.9565217
## [4,]   0.9347826   0.8936170
## [5,]   0.9583333   0.8750000
## [6,]   0.9607843   0.9591837

Escapee CpG methylation distribution plot

plotEmpiricalDistribution(bsseq_obj_escapees, 
                          bySample = TRUE,
                          testCovariate = "Type",
                          adj = 3) + guides(linetype="none") + 
  labs(title = "Escapee CpG methylation distribution by cell type") + ggplot2::scale_color_manual(values = cellTypes_colors)

plotEmpiricalDistribution(bsseq_obj_escapees, 
                          bySample = FALSE,
                          testCovariate = "Line",
                          adj = 3) + guides(linetype="none") + 
  labs(title = "Escapee CpG methylation distribution collapsing cell types")

Non-Escapee CpG methylation distribution plot

plotEmpiricalDistribution(bsseq_obj_NonEscapees, 
                          bySample = TRUE,
                          testCovariate = "Type",
                          adj = 3) + guides(linetype="none") + 
  labs(title = "Non-escapee CpG methylation distribution by cell type") + ggplot2::scale_color_manual(values = cellTypes_colors)

plotEmpiricalDistribution(bsseq_obj_NonEscapees, 
                          bySample = FALSE,
                          testCovariate = "Line",
                          adj = 3) + guides(linetype="none") + 
  labs(title = "Non-escapee CpG methylation distribution collapsing cell types")

Head of first BSSEQ with randomly selected non-escapee CpGs

getMeth(random_sets[[1]], type = "raw") %>% head()
##      hiPSC_rep1 hiPSC_rep2 hiPSC_rep3 hiPSC_rep4 iMeLC_rep1 iMeLC_rep2
## [1,] 0.82142857  0.7321429 0.74666667 0.67500000 0.79710145 0.68595041
## [2,] 0.00000000  0.0000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.01666667
## [3,] 0.94117647  0.9787234 0.92857143 1.00000000 0.85000000 0.89473684
## [4,] 0.85714286  1.0000000 0.81818182 0.85714286 0.93333333 0.73913043
## [5,] 0.04444444  0.0000000 0.02985075 0.01492537 0.02222222 0.01923077
## [6,] 0.47916667  0.3906250 0.53424658 0.52631579 0.43939394 0.50000000
##      iMeLC_rep3 iMeLC_rep4 hPGCLC_rep1 hPGCLC_rep2 hPGCLC_rep3 hEGCLC_rep1
## [1,]  0.7341772  0.7319588  0.71666667  0.48387097  0.67272727  0.58823529
## [2,]  0.0000000  0.0000000  0.00000000  0.00000000  0.02857143  0.01818182
## [3,]  0.8787879  0.9534884  0.91891892  0.85714286  0.84615385  0.87301587
## [4,]  0.7500000  0.6666667  0.38095238  0.80952381  0.73076923  0.80769231
## [5,]  0.0000000  0.0000000  0.03333333  0.06896552  0.00000000  0.04950495
## [6,]  0.4200000  0.4871795  0.48076923  0.32000000  0.52000000  0.40243902
##      hEGCLC_rep2 hEGCLC_rep3
## [1,]  0.66165414  0.63333333
## [2,]  0.00000000  0.00000000
## [3,]  0.79104478  0.89743590
## [4,]  0.90625000  0.83870968
## [5,]  0.04651163  0.03921569
## [6,]  0.50961538  0.53703704

First set of randomly selected non-escapee CpG methylation distribution plot

plotEmpiricalDistribution(random_sets[[1]], 
                          bySample = TRUE,
                          testCovariate = "Type",
                          adj = 3) + guides(linetype="none") + 
  labs(title = "Non-escapee CpG methylation distribution by cell type (1)") + ggplot2::scale_color_manual(values = cellTypes_colors)

Head of second BSSEQ with randomly selected non-escapee CpGs

getMeth(random_sets[[2]], type = "raw") %>% head()
##      hiPSC_rep1 hiPSC_rep2 hiPSC_rep3  hiPSC_rep4 iMeLC_rep1 iMeLC_rep2
## [1,] 0.01492537 0.00000000 0.02564103 0.009009009 0.01538462 0.01342282
## [2,] 0.58064516 0.73684211 0.75000000 0.783783784 0.68000000 0.62790698
## [3,] 0.97727273 0.95312500 0.98437500 0.970588235 0.97435897 0.93396226
## [4,] 0.00000000 0.01298701 0.00000000 0.000000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
## [5,] 0.89655172 0.87500000 0.83333333 0.878787879 0.86363636 0.77049180
## [6,] 0.85714286 0.93478261 0.85714286 0.936363636 0.92424242 0.87500000
##      iMeLC_rep3 iMeLC_rep4 hPGCLC_rep1 hPGCLC_rep2 hPGCLC_rep3 hEGCLC_rep1
## [1,] 0.02061856 0.04545455   0.0000000  0.02500000  0.01612903   0.0000000
## [2,] 0.63333333 0.68965517   0.5312500  0.61111111  0.56756757   0.3400000
## [3,] 0.90909091 1.00000000   0.9189189  1.00000000  0.97872340   0.9411765
## [4,] 0.00000000 0.00000000   0.0000000  0.04878049  0.00000000   0.0000000
## [5,] 0.82758621 0.77419355   0.8250000  0.80000000  0.70731707   0.8979592
## [6,] 0.86111111 0.84158416   0.5614035  0.68571429  0.68421053   0.3629032
##      hEGCLC_rep2 hEGCLC_rep3
## [1,] 0.007246377 0.013698630
## [2,] 0.266666667 0.294117647
## [3,] 0.956043956 0.976744186
## [4,] 0.000000000 0.008264463
## [5,] 0.793650794 0.898305085
## [6,] 0.672413793 0.669421488

Second set of randomly selected non-escapee CpG methylation distribution plot

plotEmpiricalDistribution(random_sets[[2]], 
                          bySample = TRUE,
                          testCovariate = "Type",
                          adj = 3) + guides(linetype="none") + 
  labs(title = "Non-escapee CpG methylation distribution by cell type (2)") + ggplot2::scale_color_manual(values = cellTypes_colors)

3. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test

Example of KS test result comparing distributions in case of hEGCLC_rep1 sample: escapee CpG methylation levels vs first randomly selected non-escapee set.

ks_test_result <- ks.test(getMeth(bsseq_obj_escapees, type = "raw")[, "hEGCLC_rep1"], getMeth(random_sets[[1]], type = "raw")[, "hEGCLC_rep1"])
print(ks_test_result)
## 
##  Asymptotic two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
## 
## data:  getMeth(bsseq_obj_escapees, type = "raw")[, "hEGCLC_rep1"] and getMeth(random_sets[[1]], type = "raw")[, "hEGCLC_rep1"]
## D = 0.46225, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: two-sided

Example of KS test result comparing distributions in case of hEGCLC_rep1 sample: first randomly selected non-escapee set vs second randomly selected non-escapee set.

ks_test_result <- ks.test(getMeth(random_sets[[1]], type = "raw")[, "hEGCLC_rep1"], getMeth(random_sets[[2]], type = "raw")[, "hEGCLC_rep1"])
print(ks_test_result)
## 
##  Asymptotic two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
## 
## data:  getMeth(random_sets[[1]], type = "raw")[, "hEGCLC_rep1"] and getMeth(random_sets[[2]], type = "raw")[, "hEGCLC_rep1"]
## D = 0.0018763, p-value = 0.8585
## alternative hypothesis: two-sided

Example of KS test result comparing distributions: escapee CpG methylation levels (hiPSC_rep2 sample) vs first randomly selected non-escapee set (hPGCLC_rep2 sample).

ks_test_result <- ks.test(getMeth(random_sets[[1]], type = "raw")[, "hiPSC_rep2"], getMeth(random_sets[[1]], type = "raw")[, "hPGCLC_rep2"])
print(ks_test_result)
## 
##  Asymptotic two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
## 
## data:  getMeth(random_sets[[1]], type = "raw")[, "hiPSC_rep2"] and getMeth(random_sets[[1]], type = "raw")[, "hPGCLC_rep2"]
## D = 0.12154, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: two-sided

Example of KS test result comparing distributions: escapee CpG methylation levels vs first randomly selected non-escapee set considering the mean levels across cell types (rowwise).

ks_test_result <- ks.test(getMeth(bsseq_obj_escapees, type = "raw") %>% rowMeans(na.rm = TRUE), getMeth(random_sets[[1]], type = "raw") %>% rowMeans(na.rm = TRUE))
print(ks_test_result)
## 
##  Asymptotic two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
## 
## data:  getMeth(bsseq_obj_escapees, type = "raw") %>% rowMeans(na.rm = TRUE) and getMeth(random_sets[[1]], type = "raw") %>% rowMeans(na.rm = TRUE)
## D = 0.49739, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: two-sided

Example of KS test result comparing distributions: first randomly selected non-escapee set vs second randomly selected non-escapee set considering the mean levels across cell types (rowwise).

ks_test_result <- ks.test(getMeth(random_sets[[1]], type = "raw") %>% rowMeans(na.rm = TRUE), getMeth(random_sets[[2]], type = "raw") %>% rowMeans(na.rm = TRUE))
print(ks_test_result)
## 
##  Asymptotic two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
## 
## data:  getMeth(random_sets[[1]], type = "raw") %>% rowMeans(na.rm = TRUE) and getMeth(random_sets[[2]], type = "raw") %>% rowMeans(na.rm = TRUE)
## D = 0.0025256, p-value = 0.5224
## alternative hypothesis: two-sided

Let’s calculate the mean methylation levels across cell types in all sets of randomly selected non-escapee CpGs.

random_MeanMethLevels <- lapply(random_sets, function(bsseq){
  getMeth(bsseq, type = "raw") %>% rowMeans(na.rm = TRUE)})

Let’s do KS test comparing escapee CpG methylation levels vs all 500 randomly selected non-escapee sets.

ks_test_results <- lapply(random_MeanMethLevels, function(random_MeanMeth) {
  ks.test(getMeth(bsseq_obj_escapees, type = "raw") %>% rowMeans(na.rm = TRUE), random_MeanMeth)
})
pvalues_kstest <- sapply(ks_test_results, function(result) {
  result$p.value
})
adjusted_pvalues_kstest <- p.adjust(pvalues_kstest, method = "fdr")
print(adjusted_pvalues_kstest)
##   [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
##  [38] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
##  [75] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [112] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [149] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [186] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [223] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [260] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [297] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [334] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [371] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [408] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [445] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [482] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

How many adjusted p-values are < 0.05?

table(adjusted_pvalues_kstest < 0.05)
## 
## TRUE 
##  500

Let’s do KS test comparing first randomly selected non-escapee set vs all 500 randomly selected non-escapee sets.

ks_test_results <- lapply(random_MeanMethLevels, function(random_MeanMeth) {
  ks.test(random_MeanMethLevels[[1]], random_MeanMeth)
})
pvalues_kstest <- sapply(ks_test_results, function(result) {
  result$p.value
})
adjusted_pvalues_kstest <- p.adjust(pvalues_kstest, method = "fdr")
print(adjusted_pvalues_kstest)
##   [1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
##  [38] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
##  [75] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## [112] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## [149] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## [186] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## [223] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## [260] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## [297] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## [334] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## [371] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## [408] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## [445] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## [482] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

How many adjusted p-values are < 0.05?

table(adjusted_pvalues_kstest < 0.05)
## 
## FALSE 
##   500

4.Escapee and non escapee CpG methylation distribution plot

MeanMethLevels_df <- c(unlist(random_MeanMethLevels), getMeth(bsseq_obj_escapees, type = "raw") %>% rowMeans(na.rm = TRUE) %>% as.vector()) %>% as.data.frame()
colnames(MeanMethLevels_df) <- "MeanMeth"
MeanMethLevels_df$Distribution <- c(paste0("Random_", rep(1:num_permutations, each = dim(bsseq_obj_escapees)[1])), rep("Escapees_CpGs", each = dim(bsseq_obj_escapees)[1]))
MeanMethLevels_df$Category <- "Non Escapees"
MeanMethLevels_df$Category[(nrow(MeanMethLevels_df)+1-nrow(bsseq_obj_escapees)):nrow(MeanMethLevels_df)] <- "Escapees"
ggplot(MeanMethLevels_df, aes(x = MeanMeth, color = Category, group = Distribution)) +
  geom_density(alpha = 0.5)  +
  labs(
    title = "Distribution CpG mean methylation levels in escapees and non-escapees regions", 
    x = "Mean Methylation Levels across cell types", 
    y = "Density", 
    color = "Category"
  ) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("Escapees" = "#FF7D00", "Non Escapees" = "#15616D")) + 
  theme_minimal()

5.Session Info

date()
## [1] "Mon May  5 11:50:32 2025"
sessionInfo()
## R version 4.2.1 (2022-06-23)
## Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
## Running under: Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS
## 
## Matrix products: default
## BLAS:   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/blas/libblas.so.3.9.0
## LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lapack/liblapack.so.3.9.0
## 
## locale:
##  [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C              
##  [3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8    
##  [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8   
##  [7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C                 
##  [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C            
## [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C       
## 
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats4    stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
## [8] base     
## 
## other attached packages:
##  [1] tidyr_1.3.0                 ggplot2_3.4.2              
##  [3] dmrseq_1.18.1               bsseq_1.34.0               
##  [5] SummarizedExperiment_1.28.0 Biobase_2.58.0             
##  [7] MatrixGenerics_1.10.0       matrixStats_1.0.0          
##  [9] GenomicRanges_1.50.2        GenomeInfoDb_1.34.9        
## [11] IRanges_2.32.0              S4Vectors_0.36.2           
## [13] BiocGenerics_0.44.0         dplyr_1.1.2                
## [15] plyr_1.8.8                 
## 
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
##   [1] AnnotationHub_3.6.0           BiocFileCache_2.6.1          
##   [3] splines_4.2.1                 BiocParallel_1.32.6          
##   [5] digest_0.6.33                 foreach_1.5.2                
##   [7] htmltools_0.5.5               fansi_1.0.4                  
##   [9] magrittr_2.0.3                memoise_2.0.1                
##  [11] BSgenome_1.66.3               tzdb_0.4.0                   
##  [13] limma_3.54.2                  Biostrings_2.66.0            
##  [15] readr_2.1.4                   R.utils_2.12.2               
##  [17] prettyunits_1.1.1             colorspace_2.1-0             
##  [19] blob_1.2.4                    rappdirs_0.3.3               
##  [21] xfun_0.39                     crayon_1.5.2                 
##  [23] RCurl_1.98-1.12               jsonlite_1.8.7               
##  [25] annotatr_1.24.0               iterators_1.0.14             
##  [27] glue_1.6.2                    gtable_0.3.3                 
##  [29] zlibbioc_1.44.0               XVector_0.38.0               
##  [31] DelayedArray_0.24.0           Rhdf5lib_1.20.0              
##  [33] HDF5Array_1.26.0              scales_1.2.1                 
##  [35] DBI_1.1.3                     rngtools_1.5.2               
##  [37] Rcpp_1.0.11                   xtable_1.8-4                 
##  [39] progress_1.2.2                bumphunter_1.40.0            
##  [41] bit_4.0.5                     httr_1.4.6                   
##  [43] RColorBrewer_1.1-3            ellipsis_0.3.2               
##  [45] pkgconfig_2.0.3               XML_3.99-0.14                
##  [47] R.methodsS3_1.8.2             farver_2.1.1                 
##  [49] sass_0.4.7                    dbplyr_2.3.3                 
##  [51] locfit_1.5-9.7                utf8_1.2.3                   
##  [53] tidyselect_1.2.0              labeling_0.4.2               
##  [55] rlang_1.1.1                   reshape2_1.4.4               
##  [57] later_1.3.1                   AnnotationDbi_1.60.2         
##  [59] munsell_0.5.0                 BiocVersion_3.16.0           
##  [61] tools_4.2.1                   cachem_1.0.8                 
##  [63] cli_3.6.1                     generics_0.1.3               
##  [65] RSQLite_2.3.1                 evaluate_0.21                
##  [67] stringr_1.5.0                 fastmap_1.1.1                
##  [69] yaml_2.3.7                    outliers_0.15                
##  [71] knitr_1.43                    bit64_4.0.5                  
##  [73] purrr_1.0.1                   KEGGREST_1.38.0              
##  [75] nlme_3.1-162                  doRNG_1.8.6                  
##  [77] sparseMatrixStats_1.10.0      mime_0.12                    
##  [79] R.oo_1.25.0                   xml2_1.3.5                   
##  [81] biomaRt_2.54.1                compiler_4.2.1               
##  [83] rstudioapi_0.15.0             filelock_1.0.2               
##  [85] curl_5.0.1                    png_0.1-8                    
##  [87] interactiveDisplayBase_1.36.0 tibble_3.2.1                 
##  [89] bslib_0.5.0                   stringi_1.7.12               
##  [91] highr_0.10                    GenomicFeatures_1.50.4       
##  [93] lattice_0.21-8                Matrix_1.6-0                 
##  [95] permute_0.9-7                 vctrs_0.6.3                  
##  [97] pillar_1.9.0                  lifecycle_1.0.3              
##  [99] rhdf5filters_1.10.1           BiocManager_1.30.20          
## [101] jquerylib_0.1.4               data.table_1.14.8            
## [103] bitops_1.0-7                  httpuv_1.6.11                
## [105] rtracklayer_1.58.0            R6_2.5.1                     
## [107] BiocIO_1.8.0                  promises_1.2.0.1             
## [109] codetools_0.2-19              gtools_3.9.4                 
## [111] rhdf5_2.42.1                  rjson_0.2.21                 
## [113] withr_2.5.0                   regioneR_1.30.0              
## [115] GenomicAlignments_1.34.1      Rsamtools_2.14.0             
## [117] GenomeInfoDbData_1.2.9        parallel_4.2.1               
## [119] hms_1.1.3                     grid_4.2.1                   
## [121] rmarkdown_2.23                DelayedMatrixStats_1.20.0    
## [123] shiny_1.7.4.1                 restfulr_0.0.15